00001 /* 00002 This file is part of ALIZE which is an open-source tool for 00003 speaker recognition. 00004 00005 ALIZE is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify 00006 it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as 00007 published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of 00008 the License, or any later version. 00009 00010 ALIZE is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 00011 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 00012 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 00013 GNU Lesser General Public License for more details. 00014 00015 You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public 00016 License along with ALIZE. 00017 If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. 00018 00019 ALIZE is a development project initiated by the ELISA consortium 00020 [alize.univ-avignon.fr/] and funded by the French Research 00021 Ministry in the framework of the TECHNOLANGUE program 00022 [www.technolangue.net] 00023 00024 The ALIZE project team wants to highlight the limits of voice 00025 authentication in a forensic context. 00026 The "Person Authentification by Voice: A Need of Caution" paper 00027 proposes a good overview of this point (cf. "Person 00028 Authentification by Voice: A Need of Caution", Bonastre J.F., 00029 Bimbot F., Boe L.J., Campbell J.P., Douglas D.A., Magrin- 00030 chagnolleau I., Eurospeech 2003, Genova]. 00031 The conclusion of the paper of the paper is proposed bellow: 00032 [Currently, it is not possible to completely determine whether the 00033 similarity between two recordings is due to the speaker or to other 00034 factors, especially when: (a) the speaker does not cooperate, (b) there 00035 is no control over recording equipment, (c) recording conditions are not 00036 known, (d) one does not know whether the voice was disguised and, to a 00037 lesser extent, (e) the linguistic content of the message is not 00038 controlled. Caution and judgment must be exercised when applying speaker 00039 recognition techniques, whether human or automatic, to account for these 00040 uncontrolled factors. Under more constrained or calibrated situations, 00041 or as an aid for investigative purposes, judicious application of these 00042 techniques may be suitable, provided they are not considered as infallible. 00043 At the present time, there is no scientific process that enables one to 00044 uniquely characterize a person=92s voice or to identify with absolute 00045 certainty an individual from his or her voice.] 00046 Contact Jean-Francois Bonastre for more information about the licence or 00047 the use of ALIZE 00048 00049 Copyright (C) 2003-2010 00050 Laboratoire d'informatique d'Avignon [lia.univ-avignon.fr] 00051 ALIZE admin [alize@univ-avignon.fr] 00052 Jean-Francois Bonastre [jean-francois.bonastre@univ-avignon.fr] 00053 */ 00054 00055 #if !defined(ALIZE_XLine_cpp) 00056 #define ALIZE_XLine_cpp 00057 00058 #include <new> 00059 #include "XLine.h" 00060 #include "Exception.h" 00061 00062 using namespace alize; 00063 00064 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00065 XLine::XLine() 00066 :Object(), _current(0), _pLine(NULL) {} 00067 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00068 XLine& XLine::create() 00069 { 00070 XLine* p = new (std::nothrow) XLine(); 00071 assertMemoryIsAllocated(p, __FILE__, __LINE__); 00072 return *p; 00073 } 00074 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00075 /* Modified 19/07/07 - richard.dufour@lium.univ-lemans.fr 00076 */ 00077 XLine& XLine::create(String& key, String& value) 00078 { 00079 XLine& l = XLine::create(); 00080 l.addElement(key); 00081 l.addElement(value); 00082 l.rewind(); 00083 return l; 00084 } 00085 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00086 XLine::XLine(const XLine& l) 00087 :Object(), _current(0), _pLine(NULL) 00088 { 00089 for (unsigned long i=0; i<l._vector.size(); i++) 00090 _vector.addObject(l._vector.getObject(i).duplicate()); 00091 } 00092 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00093 XLine& XLine::duplicate() const 00094 { 00095 XLine* p = new (std::nothrow) XLine(*this); 00096 assertMemoryIsAllocated(p, __FILE__, __LINE__); 00097 return *p; 00098 } 00099 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00100 const XLine& XLine::operator=(const XLine& l) 00101 { 00102 if (this != &l) 00103 { 00104 reset(); 00105 for (unsigned long i=0; i<l._vector.size(); i++) 00106 addElement(l._vector.getObject(i)); 00107 } 00108 _current = 0; 00109 return *this; 00110 } 00111 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00112 bool XLine::operator==(const XLine& l) const 00113 { 00114 if (_vector.size() != l._vector.size()) 00115 return false; 00116 for (unsigned long i=0; i<l._vector.size(); i++) 00117 if (_vector.getObject(i) != l._vector.getObject(i)) 00118 return false; 00119 return true; 00120 } 00121 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00122 bool XLine::operator!=(const XLine& l) const { return !(*this==l); } 00123 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00124 void XLine::deleteElement(const String& e) 00125 { delete &_vector.removeObject(e);} 00126 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00127 void XLine::rewind() const { _current = 0; } 00128 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00129 String& XLine::getElement(const unsigned long i, 00130 const bool becomeCurrent) const 00131 { 00132 String& s = _vector.getObject(i); 00133 // getObject(i) can throw IndexOutOfBoundsException 00134 if (becomeCurrent) 00135 _current = i; 00136 return s; 00137 } 00138 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00139 long XLine::getIndex(const String& e) const 00140 { 00141 unsigned long size = _vector.size(); 00142 for (unsigned long i=0; i<size; i++) 00143 if (_vector.getObject(i) == e) 00144 return (long)i; 00145 return -1; 00146 } 00147 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00148 String* XLine::getElement() const 00149 { 00150 if (_current >= _vector.size()) 00151 return NULL; 00152 _current++; 00153 return &_vector.getObject(_current-1); 00154 } 00155 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00156 const XLine& XLine::getElements() const 00157 { 00158 if (_pLine == NULL) 00159 _pLine = &XLine::create(); 00160 else 00161 _pLine->reset(); 00162 for (unsigned long i=_current; i<_vector.size(); i++) 00163 _pLine->_vector.addObject(_vector.getObject(i).duplicate()); 00164 return *_pLine; 00165 } 00166 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00167 XLine& XLine::addElement(const String& e) 00168 { 00169 _current = _vector.addObject(e.duplicate()); 00170 return *this; 00171 } 00172 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00173 void XLine::reset() 00174 { 00175 _vector.deleteAllObjects(); 00176 _current = 0; 00177 } 00178 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00179 unsigned long XLine::getElementCount() const { return _vector.size(); } 00180 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00181 String XLine::getClassName() const { return "XLine"; } 00182 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00183 String XLine::toString() const 00184 { 00185 String s; 00186 for (unsigned long i=0; i<_vector.size(); i++) 00187 s += " " + _vector.getObject(i); 00188 return Object::toString() + s; 00189 } 00190 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00191 XLine::~XLine() 00192 { 00193 _vector.deleteAllObjects(); 00194 if (_pLine != NULL) 00195 delete _pLine; 00196 } 00197 //------------------------------------------------------------------------- 00198 00199 #endif // !defined(ALIZE_XLine_cpp) 00200
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